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    Muito obrigado Rodrigo!<br>
    <br>
    <br>
    Deu certo.<br>
    <br>
    <br>
    <br>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Em 09-04-2014 13:24, Rodrigo Coster
      escreveu:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CAKU4wovN+KYHpXge58WdrTpzdN2Bkz43O=XYjRT=h844ghFUfg@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <div dir="ltr">Alexandre,
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>Segue uma solução: aggregate(sp[c(F, F, T)], by = list(Ano
          = sp$ano), sum)</div>
      </div>
      <div class="gmail_extra"><br>
        <br>
        <div class="gmail_quote">2014-04-08 21:45 GMT-03:00 Alexandre
          Loures <span dir="ltr"><<a moz-do-not-send="true"
              href="mailto:alexandre.loures@ymail.com" target="_blank">alexandre.loures@ymail.com</a>></span>:<br>
          <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
            .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
            <div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000"> Rodrigo, é porque
              exclui as colunas referentes ao mês e ano. Mas segue
              abaixo a saída considerando essas duas colunas.<br>
              <br>
              Com relação a quantidade de zeros, é porque na base já
              aparece todos os meses para 2014 (jan, fev, mar, abr, ...,
              dez), todavia, só há informações para janeiro e fevereiro.
              <br>
              <br>
              Outro detalhe é que os anos estão na ordem decrescente, ou
              seja, as primeiras linhas são para 2014 (e uma vez que
              pediu head está aparecendo somente para esse ano).<br>
              <br>
              As outras duas sugestões enviadas estão reportando o
              somatório para a coluna toda, mas não é isso o que
              preciso. Preciso do total para cada ano, ou seja, terá de
              ter uma linha com o total para 1997, outra linha para 1998
              assim sucessivamente até a última linha para o total de
              2014. <br>
              <br>
              <br>
              <br>
              <br>
              > dput(head(sp))<br>
              structure(list(ano = c(2014L, 2014L, 2014L, 2014L, 2014L,
              2014L<br>
              ), mes = structure(c(5L, 4L, 9L, 1L, 8L, 7L), .Label =
              c("ABR", <br>
              "AGO", "DEZ", "FEV", "JAN", "JUL", "JUN", "MAI", "MAR",
              "NOV", <br>
              "OUT", "SET"), class = "factor"), `US$` = c(38795229L,
              63924605L, <br>
              0L, 0L, 0L, 0L), ano = c(2014L, 2014L, 2014L, 2014L,
              2014L, 2014L<br>
              ), mes = structure(c(5L, 4L, 9L, 1L, 8L, 7L), .Label =
              c("ABR", <br>
              "AGO", "DEZ", "FEV", "JAN", "JUL", "JUN", "MAI", "MAR",
              "NOV", <br>
              "OUT", "SET"), class = "factor"), `US$` = c(33680798L,
              51477786L, <br>
              0L, 0L, 0L, 0L), ano = c(2014L, 2014L, 2014L, 2014L,
              2014L, 2014L<br>
              ), mes = structure(c(5L, 4L, 9L, 1L, 8L, 7L), .Label =
              c("ABR", <br>
              "AGO", "DEZ", "FEV", "JAN", "JUL", "JUN", "MAI", "MAR",
              "NOV", <br>
              "OUT", "SET"), class = "factor"), `US$` = c(32400472L,
              39645654L, <br>
              0L, 0L, 0L, 0L), ano = c(2014L, 2014L, 2014L, 2014L,
              2014L, 2014L<br>
              ), mes = structure(c(5L, 4L, 9L, 1L, 8L, 7L), .Label =
              c("ABR", <br>
              "AGO", "DEZ", "FEV", "JAN", "JUL", "JUN", "MAI", "MAR",
              "NOV", <br>
              "OUT", "SET"), class = "factor"), `US$` = c(68022854L,
              56066200L, <br>
              0L, 0L, 0L, 0L), ano = c(2014L, 2014L, 2014L, 2014L,
              2014L, 2014L<br>
              ), mes = structure(c(5L, 4L, 9L, 1L, 8L, 7L), .Label =
              c("ABR", <br>
              "AGO", "DEZ", "FEV", "JAN", "JUL", "JUN", "MAI", "MAR",
              "NOV", <br>
              "OUT", "SET"), class = "factor"), `US$` = c(31881633L,
              67045744L, <br>
              0L, 0L, 0L, 0L), ano = c(2014L, 2014L, 2014L, 2014L,
              2014L, 2014L<br>
              ), mes = structure(c(5L, 4L, 9L, 1L, 8L, 7L), .Label =
              c("ABR", <br>
              "AGO", "DEZ", "FEV", "JAN", "JUL", "JUN", "MAI", "MAR",
              "NOV", <br>
              "OUT", "SET"), class = "factor"), `US$` = c(452118806L,
              500158705L, <br>
              0L, 0L, 0L, 0L), ano = c(2014L, 2014L, 2014L, 2014L,
              2014L, 2014L<br>
              ), mes = structure(c(5L, 4L, 9L, 1L, 8L, 7L), .Label =
              c("ABR", <br>
              "AGO", "DEZ", "FEV", "JAN", "JUL", "JUN", "MAI", "MAR",
              "NOV", <br>
              "OUT", "SET"), class = "factor"), `US$` = c(21795038L,
              13562364L, <br>
              0L, 0L, 0L, 0L), ano = c(2014L, 2014L, 2014L, 2014L,
              2014L, 2014L<br>
              ), mes = structure(c(5L, 4L, 9L, 1L, 8L, 7L), .Label =
              c("ABR", <br>
              "AGO", "DEZ", "FEV", "JAN", "JUL", "JUN", "MAI", "MAR",
              "NOV", <br>
              "OUT", "SET"), class = "factor"), `US$` = c(2730838L,
              4259594L, <br>
              0L, 0L, 0L, 0L), ano = c(2014L, 2014L, 2014L, 2014L,
              2014L, 2014L<br>
              ), mes = structure(c(5L, 4L, 9L, 1L, 8L, 7L), .Label =
              c("ABR", <br>
              "AGO", "DEZ", "FEV", "JAN", "JUL", "JUN", "MAI", "MAR",
              "NOV", <br>
              "OUT", "SET"), class = "factor"), `US$` = c(103132447L,
              85622631L, <br>
              0L, 0L, 0L, 0L), ano = c(2014L, 2014L, 2014L, 2014L,
              2014L, 2014L<br>
              ), mes = structure(c(5L, 4L, 9L, 1L, 8L, 7L), .Label =
              c("ABR", <br>
              "AGO", "DEZ", "FEV", "JAN", "JUL", "JUN", "MAI", "MAR",
              "NOV", <br>
              "OUT", "SET"), class = "factor"), `US$` = c(60353896L,
              61121454L, <br>
              0L, 0L, 0L, 0L), ano = c(2014L, 2014L, 2014L, 2014L,
              2014L, 2014L<br>
              ), mes = structure(c(5L, 4L, 9L, 1L, 8L, 7L), .Label =
              c("ABR", <br>
              "AGO", "DEZ", "FEV", "JAN", "JUL", "JUN", "MAI", "MAR",
              "NOV", <br>
              "OUT", "SET"), class = "factor"), `US$` = c(32403301L,
              40519152L, <br>
              0L, 0L, 0L, 0L), ano = c(2014L, 2014L, 2014L, 2014L,
              2014L, 2014L<br>
              ), mes = structure(c(5L, 4L, 9L, 1L, 8L, 7L), .Label =
              c("ABR", <br>
              "AGO", "DEZ", "FEV", "JAN", "JUL", "JUN", "MAI", "MAR",
              "NOV", <br>
              "OUT", "SET"), class = "factor"), `US$` = c(116570336L,
              110079499L, <br>
              0L, 0L, 0L, 0L), ano = c(2014L, 2014L, 2014L, 2014L,
              2014L, 2014L<br>
              ), mes = structure(c(5L, 4L, 9L, 1L, 8L, 7L), .Label =
              c("ABR", <br>
              "AGO", "DEZ", "FEV", "JAN", "JUL", "JUN", "MAI", "MAR",
              "NOV", <br>
              "OUT", "SET"), class = "factor"), `US$` = c(166832925L,
              149309546L, <br>
              0L, 0L, 0L, 0L), ano = c(2014L, 2014L, 2014L, 2014L,
              2014L, 2014L<br>
              ), mes = structure(c(5L, 4L, 9L, 1L, 8L, 7L), .Label =
              c("ABR", <br>
              "AGO", "DEZ", "FEV", "JAN", "JUL", "JUN", "MAI", "MAR",
              "NOV", <br>
              "OUT", "SET"), class = "factor"), `US$` = c(78060254L,
              101650482L, <br>
              0L, 0L, 0L, 0L), ano = c(2014L, 2014L, 2014L, 2014L,
              2014L, 2014L<br>
              ), mes = structure(c(5L, 4L, 9L, 1L, 8L, 7L), .Label =
              c("ABR", <br>
              "AGO", "DEZ", "FEV", "JAN", "JUL", "JUN", "MAI", "MAR",
              "NOV", <br>
              "OUT", "SET"), class = "factor"), `US$` = c(25985390L,
              36699369L, <br>
              0L, 0L, 0L, 0L), ano = c(2014L, 2014L, 2014L, 2014L,
              2014L, 2014L<br>
              ), mes = structure(c(5L, 4L, 9L, 1L, 8L, 7L), .Label =
              c("ABR", <br>
              "AGO", "DEZ", "FEV", "JAN", "JUL", "JUN", "MAI", "MAR",
              "NOV", <br>
              "OUT", "SET"), class = "factor"), `US$` = c(69222831L,
              80306324L, <br>
              0L, 0L, 0L, 0L), ano = c(2014L, 2014L, 2014L, 2014L,
              2014L, 2014L<br>
              ), mes = structure(c(5L, 4L, 9L, 1L, 8L, 7L), .Label =
              c("ABR", <br>
              "AGO", "DEZ", "FEV", "JAN", "JUL", "JUN", "MAI", "MAR",
              "NOV", <br>
              "OUT", "SET"), class = "factor"), `US$` = c(4392027L,
              4567085L, <br>
              0L, 0L, 0L, 0L), ano = c(2014L, 2014L, 2014L, 2014L,
              2014L, 2014L<br>
              ), mes = structure(c(5L, 4L, 9L, 1L, 8L, 7L), .Label =
              c("ABR", <br>
              "AGO", "DEZ", "FEV", "JAN", "JUL", "JUN", "MAI", "MAR",
              "NOV", <br>
              "OUT", "SET"), class = "factor"), `US$` = c(33752865L,
              41537988L, <br>
              0L, 0L, 0L, 0L), ano = c(2014L, 2014L, 2014L, 2014L,
              2014L, 2014L<br>
              ), mes = structure(c(5L, 4L, 9L, 1L, 8L, 7L), .Label =
              c("ABR", <br>
              "AGO", "DEZ", "FEV", "JAN", "JUL", "JUN", "MAI", "MAR",
              "NOV", <br>
              "OUT", "SET"), class = "factor"), `US$` = c(80216802L,
              88982746L, <br>
              0L, 0L, 0L, 0L), ano = c(2014L, 2014L, 2014L, 2014L,
              2014L, 2014L<br>
              ), mes = structure(c(5L, 4L, 9L, 1L, 8L, 7L), .Label =
              c("ABR", <br>
              "AGO", "DEZ", "FEV", "JAN", "JUL", "JUN", "MAI", "MAR",
              "NOV", <br>
              "OUT", "SET"), class = "factor"), `US$` = c(1489612L,
              1465175L, <br>
              0L, 0L, 0L, 0L), ano = c(2014L, 2014L, 2014L, 2014L,
              2014L, 2014L<br>
              ), mes = structure(c(5L, 4L, 9L, 1L, 8L, 7L), .Label =
              c("ABR", <br>
              "AGO", "DEZ", "FEV", "JAN", "JUL", "JUN", "MAI", "MAR",
              "NOV", <br>
              "OUT", "SET"), class = "factor"), `US$` = c(60973115L,
              54078115L, <br>
              0L, 0L, 0L, 0L), ano = c(2014L, 2014L, 2014L, 2014L,
              2014L, 2014L<br>
              ), mes = structure(c(5L, 4L, 9L, 1L, 8L, 7L), .Label =
              c("ABR", <br>
              "AGO", "DEZ", "FEV", "JAN", "JUL", "JUN", "MAI", "MAR",
              "NOV", <br>
              "OUT", "SET"), class = "factor"), `US$` = c(28441802L,
              50033001L, <br>
              0L, 0L, 0L, 0L), ano = c(2014L, 2014L, 2014L, 2014L,
              2014L, 2014L<br>
              ), mes = structure(c(5L, 4L, 9L, 1L, 8L, 7L), .Label =
              c("ABR", <br>
              "AGO", "DEZ", "FEV", "JAN", "JUL", "JUN", "MAI", "MAR",
              "NOV", <br>
              "OUT", "SET"), class = "factor"), `US$` = c(60420736L,
              17987780L, <br>
              0L, 0L, 0L, 0L), ano = c(2014L, 2014L, 2014L, 2014L,
              2014L, 2014L<br>
              ), mes = structure(c(5L, 4L, 9L, 1L, 8L, 7L), .Label =
              c("ABR", <br>
              "AGO", "DEZ", "FEV", "JAN", "JUL", "JUN", "MAI", "MAR",
              "NOV", <br>
              "OUT", "SET"), class = "factor"), `US$` = c(28824716L,
              48507914L, <br>
              0L, 0L, 0L, 0L), ano = c(2014L, 2014L, 2014L, 2014L,
              2014L, 2014L<br>
              ), mes = structure(c(5L, 4L, 9L, 1L, 8L, 7L), .Label =
              c("ABR", <br>
              "AGO", "DEZ", "FEV", "JAN", "JUL", "JUN", "MAI", "MAR",
              "NOV", <br>
              "OUT", "SET"), class = "factor"), `US$` = c(444712L,
              328451L, <br>
              0L, 0L, 0L, 0L), ano = c(2014L, 2014L, 2014L, 2014L,
              2014L, 2014L<br>
              ), mes = structure(c(5L, 4L, 9L, 1L, 8L, 7L), .Label =
              c("ABR", <br>
              "AGO", "DEZ", "FEV", "JAN", "JUL", "JUN", "MAI", "MAR",
              "NOV", <br>
              "OUT", "SET"), class = "factor"), `US$` = c(786654L,
              838397L, <br>
              0L, 0L, 0L, 0L), ano = c(2014L, 2014L, 2014L, 2014L,
              2014L, 2014L<br>
              ), mes = structure(c(5L, 4L, 9L, 1L, 8L, 7L), .Label =
              c("ABR", <br>
              "AGO", "DEZ", "FEV", "JAN", "JUL", "JUN", "MAI", "MAR",
              "NOV", <br>
              "OUT", "SET"), class = "factor"), `US$` = c(12933000L,
              10051098L, <br>
              0L, 0L, 0L, 0L), ano = c(2014L, 2014L, 2014L, 2014L,
              2014L, 2014L<br>
              ), mes = structure(c(5L, 4L, 9L, 1L, 8L, 7L), .Label =
              c("ABR", <br>
              "AGO", "DEZ", "FEV", "JAN", "JUL", "JUN", "MAI", "MAR",
              "NOV", <br>
              "OUT", "SET"), class = "factor"), `US$` = c(39827569L,
              45256447L, <br>
              0L, 0L, 0L, 0L), ano = c(2014L, 2014L, 2014L, 2014L,
              2014L, 2014L<br>
              ), mes = structure(c(5L, 4L, 9L, 1L, 8L, 7L), .Label =
              c("ABR", <br>
              "AGO", "DEZ", "FEV", "JAN", "JUL", "JUN", "MAI", "MAR",
              "NOV", <br>
              "OUT", "SET"), class = "factor"), `US$` = c(58803226L,
              76290276L, <br>
              0L, 0L, 0L, 0L), ano = c(2014L, 2014L, 2014L, 2014L,
              2014L, 2014L<br>
              ), mes = structure(c(5L, 4L, 9L, 1L, 8L, 7L), .Label =
              c("ABR", <br>
              "AGO", "DEZ", "FEV", "JAN", "JUL", "JUN", "MAI", "MAR",
              "NOV", <br>
              "OUT", "SET"), class = "factor"), `US$` = c(46468076L,
              38537192L, <br>
              0L, 0L, 0L, 0L), ano = c(2014L, 2014L, 2014L, 2014L,
              2014L, 2014L<br>
              ), mes = structure(c(5L, 4L, 9L, 1L, 8L, 7L), .Label =
              c("ABR", <br>
              "AGO", "DEZ", "FEV", "JAN", "JUL", "JUN", "MAI", "MAR",
              "NOV", <br>
              "OUT", "SET"), class = "factor"), `US$` = c(53314093L,
              33200142L, <br>
              0L, 0L, 0L, 0L), ano = c(2014L, 2014L, 2014L, 2014L,
              2014L, 2014L<br>
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              "US$", "ano", "mes", "US$", "ano", "mes", "US$", "ano",
              "mes", <br>
              "US$", "ano", "mes", "US$", "ano", "mes", "US$", "ano",
              "mes", <br>
              "US$", "ano", "mes", "US$", "ano", "mes", "US$", "ano",
              "mes", <br>
              "US$", "ano", "mes", "US$"), row.names = c(NA, 6L), class
              = "data.frame")<br>
              > <br>
              <br>
              <br>
              <br>
              <br>
              <br>
              <br>
              <br>
              <br>
              <br>
              <div>Em 08-04-2014 21:13, Rodrigo Coster escreveu:<br>
              </div>
              <div>
                <div class="h5">
                  <blockquote type="cite">
                    <div dir="ltr">Era isso mesmo, mas eles pareceram
                      meio estranho, pois tem muita linha com 0... eu
                      tava esperando mais uma coluna informando o mes e
                      ano e outras com as observações. Se os comandos
                      sugeridos aqui (que fazem a soma total da coluna)
                      não funcionarem, da uma explicada de como são os
                      teus dados (a estrutura deles) que a gente
                      resolve!</div>
                    <div class="gmail_extra"><br>
                      <br>
                      <div class="gmail_quote">2014-04-08 20:37
                        GMT-03:00 Alexandre Loures <span dir="ltr"><<a
                            moz-do-not-send="true"
                            href="mailto:alexandre.loures@ymail.com"
                            target="_blank">alexandre.loures@ymail.com</a>></span>:<br>
                        <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0
                          0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc
                          solid;padding-left:1ex">
                          <div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000"> Olá
                            Rodrigo Coster!<br>
                            <br>
                            <br>
                            É isto mesmo que você solicitou?<br>
                            <br>
                            <br>
                            <br>
                            > dput(head(sp))<br>
                            structure(c(38795229L, 63924605L, 0L, 0L,
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                            51L), .Dimnames = list(<br>
                                NULL, c("sp1", "sp2", "sp3", "sp4",
                            "sp5", "sp6", "sp7", <br>
                                "sp8", "sp9", "sp10", "sp11", "sp12",
                            "sp13", "sp14", "sp15", <br>
                                "sp16", "sp17", "sp18", "sp19", "sp20",
                            "sp21", "sp22", "sp23", <br>
                                "sp24", "sp25", "sp26", "sp27", "sp28",
                            "sp29", "sp30", "sp31", <br>
                                "sp32", "sp33", "sp34", "sp35", "sp36",
                            "sp37", "sp38", "sp39", <br>
                                "sp40", "sp41", "sp42", "sp43", "sp44",
                            "sp45", "sp46", "sp47", <br>
                                "sp48", "sp49", "sp50", "sp51")))<br>
                            <br>
                            <br>
                            <br>
                            <br>
                            <br>
                            <div>Em 08-04-2014 18:37, Rodrigo Coster
                              escreveu:<br>
                            </div>
                            <div>
                              <div>
                                <blockquote type="cite">
                                  <div dir="ltr">Sem saber como são os
                                    teus dados fica complicado a gente
                                    de dar um comando que certamente
                                    funcionará... da um
                                    dput(head(dados)) e nos envia o que
                                    aparecer na tela</div>
                                  <div class="gmail_extra"><br>
                                    <br>
                                    <div class="gmail_quote"> 2014-04-08
                                      18:34 GMT-03:00 Daniel C Bezerra <span
                                        dir="ltr"><<a
                                          moz-do-not-send="true"
                                          href="mailto:danielcbezerra@gmail.com"
                                          target="_blank">danielcbezerra@gmail.com</a>></span>:<br>
                                      <blockquote class="gmail_quote"
                                        style="margin:0 0 0
                                        .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc
                                        solid;padding-left:1ex">
                                        <div dir="ltr">apply(nomedobanco,2,sum)<br>
                                        </div>
                                        <div class="gmail_extra"><br>
                                          <br>
                                          <div class="gmail_quote">2014-04-08
                                            18:07 GMT-03:00 Alexandre
                                            Loures <span dir="ltr"><<a
                                                moz-do-not-send="true"
                                                href="mailto:alexandre.loures@ymail.com"
                                                target="_blank">alexandre.loures@ymail.com</a>></span>:<br>
                                            <blockquote
                                              class="gmail_quote"
                                              style="margin:0 0 0
                                              .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc
                                              solid;padding-left:1ex">
                                              <div>
                                                <div>
                                                  <div bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
                                                    text="#000000"> Olá
                                                    pessoal!<br>
                                                    <br>
                                                    Tenho uma base de
                                                    dados com 216
                                                    observações de 10
                                                    variáveis. Sendo que
                                                    essas observações
                                                    são mensais, mas
                                                    tenho que trabalhar
                                                    com o total anual.<br>
                                                    <br>
                                                    Ou seja, eu tenho
                                                    dados para os meses
                                                    de 1997, 1998, 1999,
                                                    2000, ..., 2014. Mas
                                                    quero os totais
                                                    desses anos em cada
                                                    coluna.<br>
                                                    <br>
                                                    Alguém saberia como
                                                    fazer isso?<br>
                                                    <br>
                                                    <br>
                                                    <br>
                                                    Desde já muito
                                                    obrigado!<span><font
                                                        color="#888888"><br>
                                                        <br>
                                                        <br>
                                                        <br>
                                                        <div>-- <br>
                                                          <font size="1"><b>Alexandre

                                                          Rodrigues
                                                          Loures</b><br>
                                                          </font></div>
                                                      </font></span></div>
                                                  <br>
                                                </div>
                                              </div>
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                                      </blockquote>
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                                  <fieldset></fieldset>
                                  <br>
                                  <pre>_______________________________________________
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                                </blockquote>
                                <br>
                              </div>
                            </div>
                            <span><font color="#888888">
                                <div>-- <br>
                                  <font size="1"><b>Alexandre Rodrigues
                                      Loures</b><br>
                                  </font></div>
                              </font></span></div>
                          <br>
_______________________________________________<br>
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                          e forneça código mínimo reproduzível.<br>
                        </blockquote>
                      </div>
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                    <br>
                    <fieldset></fieldset>
                    <br>
                    <pre>_______________________________________________
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                  </blockquote>
                  <br>
                </div>
              </div>
              <span class="HOEnZb"><font color="#888888">
                  <div>-- <br>
                    <font size="1"><b>Alexandre Rodrigues Loures</b><br>
                      Doutorando em Economia Aplicada<br>
                      Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB<br>
                      Centro de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas - CCSA<br>
                      Programa de Pós-Graduação em Economia - PPGE<br>
                      Tel.: +55 32 9102-0690 (MG) ou +55 83 9804-1000
                      (PB)<br>
                      e-Mail: <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                        href="mailto:alexandre.loures@ymail.com"
                        target="_blank">alexandre.loures@ymail.com</a><br>
                      Site: <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                        href="http://www.ccsa.ufpb.br/ppge"
                        target="_blank">www.ccsa.ufpb.br/ppge</a></font></div>
                </font></span></div>
            <br>
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            e forneça código mínimo reproduzível.<br>
          </blockquote>
        </div>
        <br>
      </div>
      <br>
      <fieldset class="mimeAttachmentHeader"></fieldset>
      <br>
      <pre wrap="">_______________________________________________
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    </blockquote>
    <br>
    <div class="moz-signature">-- <br>
      <font size="1"><b>Alexandre Rodrigues Loures</b><br>
        Doutorando em Economia Aplicada<br>
        Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB<br>
        Centro de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas - CCSA<br>
        Programa de Pós-Graduação em Economia - PPGE<br>
        Tel.: +55 32 9102-0690 (MG) ou +55 83 9804-1000 (PB)<br>
        e-Mail: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:alexandre.loures@ymail.com">alexandre.loures@ymail.com</a><br>
        Site: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.ccsa.ufpb.br/ppge">www.ccsa.ufpb.br/ppge</a></font></div>
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