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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Olá pessoal,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Estou precisando de ajuda para entender e consertar o erro que surge na minha programação.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Eu tenho um procedimento iterativo que em determinado ponto a função de otimização dá o seguinte erro:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Error in optim(par = theta.old, fn = fun, gr = gradient, control = control, : initial value in 'vmmin' is not finite<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Quando eu testo a função no ponto inicial ela produz valor igual a -1035.843. Não sei bem o que está acontecendo e por enquanto estou sem idéias de como resolver.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Alguém poderia me ajudar ?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Segue parte da programação para quem quiser tentar reproduzir.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>#Inicio<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>library(maxLik)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>library(fGarch)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span 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class=MsoNormal><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>matrizEsperanca=cbind(col1,col2)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>parametros=c(0.208464913,6.95E-20,0.038663299,0.895792587,0.009160388,0.106225595,0.893674651,1.429250593,1.910965368,0.230183544)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>parametros[1]=pi1=mean(matrizEsperancas[,1])<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>#Verossimilhança ponderada <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>logLikelihood=function(parametrosLike)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>{<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> matrizDensidade=matrix(0,length(vetor),2)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> </span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>sigma21=rep(1,length(serie))<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> sigma22=rep(1,length(serie))<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> </span><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>nu1=parametrosLike[7]<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> nu2=parametrosLike[8]<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> mu1=parametrosLike[9]<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> </span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>for(i in 2:length(vetor))<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> </span><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>{<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> erro2=serie[i-1]^2<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> sigma21[i]=parametrosLike[1]+parametrosLike[2]*erro2+parametrosLike[3]*sigma21[i-1]<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> sigma22[i]=parametrosLike[4]+parametrosLike[5]*erro2+parametrosLike[6]*sigma22[i-1]<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> matrizDensidade[i,1]=log(dged(vetor[i],mu1,sqrt(sigma21[i]),nu1))<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> matrizDensidade[i,2]=log(dged(vetor[i],-(pi1/(1-pi1))*mu1,sqrt(sigma22[i]),nu2))<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> </span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>}<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> somaLogLik=0<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> for(i in 1:length(vetor))<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> {<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> for(j in 1:ncol(matrizDensidade))<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> </span><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>{<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> somaLogLik=somaLogLik+matrizEsperancas[i,j]*matrizDensidade[i,j]<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> </span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>}<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> }<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>return(somaLogLik)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>}<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>A = matrix(0,10,9)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>A[1,1]=A[2,2]=A[3,3]=A[4,4]=A[5,5]=A[6,6]=A[7,7]=A[8,8]=1<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>A[9,2]=A[9,3]=-1<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>A[10,5]=A[10,6]=-1<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>B = matrix(0,10,1)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>B[9]=B[10]=1<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>parametrosLike=parametros[2:length(parametros)]<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>logLikelihood(parametrosLike)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>res = maxBFGS(logLikelihood, start=parametrosLike, constraints=list(ineqA=A, ineqB=B))<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>#Muito Obrigado pela ajuda.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>#Pedro<o:p></o:p></span></p><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div></div></div></div></body></html>